RE-ON THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED RICE

Last year, the Federal Government approved the research for the Nitrogen-use-efficiency, water-use-efficiency and salt tolerant (NEWEST) rice variety project at the National Cereal Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Niger State as part of the overall strategy to end rice importation by 2017 and promote food security in the country

Government’s decision was based on the fact that farmers in the country and across Africa are experiencing low yields resulting in high rice imports in SSA where over 40 per cent of the rice consumed is imported. The average grain yield in Africa (2.2 t/ha) is below the world average (3.4 t/ha) by 49 per cent and several factors account for this low yield.

Soil nitrogen deficiency has been cited as a major constraint to rice production. Nitrogen deficiency is mostly acute in the highly weathered upland areas where an average yield of only one tonne per hectare, which is about 25 per cent of yield potential, has been recorded. Also, nitrogen is difficult to retain when applied in lowland areas due to floods and flowing water that characterise such areas.

A major concern that constraints rice production in nitrogen deficient soils is the inability of farmers to buy fertilisers to address this constraint, and when they buy, they can hardly afford the required rate for optimal yield. Improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice is one means of overcoming these limitations.

Similarly, drought has been identified as a major limiting factor in rice production in SSA where about 80 per cent of rice farms traditionally depend on rainfall. The farmers are often resource constrained, and cannot afford irrigation systems. With the utilisation and application of water use efficient (WUE) component, the rice will require less water and this will offer an appreciable coping mechanism against drought.

Also, high salinity is increasingly becoming a major problem in rice growing areas of the coastal lowlands and mangrove swamps.

So principally, the ongoing rice research at Badeggi is to address the above stated constraints which over the years, conventional breeding methods have not been able to tackle.

The editorial has raised questions on the absence of the critical mass of qualified scientists to undertake genetic engineering as well as their ability to handle such high level technology.

But the question to ask is whether genetic modification is more of a high level science than stem cell or other form of science that researchers at Nigerian universities have attained accolade and honour for their works in such areas.

Yes it is right to say Nigeria is not like America that is so versed in research but that was the same kind of argument presented when Nigeria ventured into nuclear technology, a technology that one accident can kill every living thing within certain radius, but 10 years after we have forged on and their fears have not come to pass.

What were the nation’s manpower potentials when our first satellite, NigeriaSat 1 was launched? We all remembered that after the launch, Nigerian scientists were able to build, launch and control NigeriaSat X in orbit.

The Guardian can send its reporters to the research centres across Nigeria and investigate their capacity. It is denigrating to question the patriotism of loyal and dedicated researchers who in view of all odds have not only continue to thrive but challenge and contest all honours and awards with their counterparts in other parts of the world.

The good thing about science and technology be it GM, nuclear or satellite is that, it is universal. Yes agreed that we may not have all the facilities but that does not mean we should not do what we can with what we have.

The Director-General of the National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA), Dr. Rufus Ebegba did not threaten to shut the research institute if it fails the next round of preliminary trials, because he does not have such powers. He can only stop the research which is just one of the many researches the institute is undertaking.

Ebegba did not say the statement below attributed to him. “GMO rice is a strain that has been modified genetically to increase micronutrients like vitamin A, accelerate photosynthesis, resist pests, tolerate herbicides, increase grain size, generate nutrients or flavours and produce human proteins.”

Your editorial also raised so many questions including: Is such genetically modified rice, therefore, safe, since the modification already alters its composition? Like irradiated food, that doesn’t expire, the question is whether such product is still safe for human consumption. How long then would the rice last? Or would it last forever? Are GMO products biodegradable? These are critical questions that should be answered.

These questions may not even arise if we understand what the NEWEST rice is all about but for the avoidance of doubt, it has nothing to do with the fears expressed as it won’t differ from the rice in the market currently. The only difference is that its genetic composition is altered to accommodate or withstand drought, high soil salinity, Nitrogen deficiency among others.

There is no possibility of horizontal gene transfer and it is not possible for gene transfer between rice and millet as the editorial noted.

The fears about altering the natural process of degradation does not even arise as before a GMO product is released it must meet health, environment, ecology and other standards which are observed worldwide.

Nobody has ever said that GM will solve Nigeria’s food problem, emphasis had also been on the fact that GM is a tool that can assist in the provision of safe and healthy food for Nigerians.

The statement on whether Nigeria is prepared to do the necessary research as far as genetic modification is concerned can only be postulated by someone who lacks basic knowledge of the human capacities in our research institutes. The GM beans project had progressed successfully in the last 10 years in the country under the supervision of Nigerians scientists at the Institute for Agriculture Research, ABU, Zaria. The introduction of genetic engineering may be one of the antidotes capable of reviving most of the research institutes said to be comatose.

The essence of the whole exercise was reinforced by the former Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Mrs. Winifred Oyo Ita at the inauguration of the research that “the main role of science in agriculture has been to help generate novelties that allow us to produce more with less land and less effort”.

Abutu is of the Programme for Biosafety System.Abutu is of the Programme for Biosafety System.

Government Partners Stakeholders to Boost Dairy Production

The Federal government is partnering with major national and international stakeholders in the dairy sector towards injecting considerable volume into local milk production and cutting down on importation of milk in the future.

Disclosing this recently in Abuja during a multi-stakeholders roundtable conference with the theme: “Milky way to development”, the Minister of Agriculture

and Rural Development, Audu Ogbe said presently, the annual national dairy output and demand was estimated at 700,000 metric tonnes and 1,300 metric tonnes respectively, giving a supply gap of about 600,000 metric tonnes.

Represented by the Director of Animal Production and Husbandry Services, Dr. Egejuru Eze, Ogbe said: “We are partnering with major national and international stakeholders in the dairy sector to inject a considerable volume of locally produced raw milk in powdered milk processed in Nigeria to meet the national demand and drastically reduce milk importation by the year 2019.

The Vice Chairman, Arla Foods, Jan Toft Noergaard, said the company was proud to host farmers and other stakeholders in both European and West African dairy sector.

“We believe there are more feats to be achieved with an alliance like this. I am sure things will happen faster. This conference is set to discuss and offer solution to challenges facing the dairy sector in West Africa and development of the dairy sector to improve the livelihood of farmers”, he said.

The programme, jointly organized by Arla Foods, producers of Dano Milk), CARE Denmark, Billital Maroobe, Danish Agriculture and Food Council in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed at improving dairy production and marketing and development of new business models that will help create employment and profit for local dairy farmers in West Africa.

FCT Begins Inspection of Abattoirs

The acting Secretary of Agriculture Secretariat, Dr Aliyu Musa, has said that the Federal Capital Territory Administration has commenced inspection tour of the four abattoirs in the Abuja.

He said the purpose of the inspection was to stop illegal activities in the environment and guarantee security and public health.

He said this, recently, in his office after an inspection tour of the Kubwa Abattoir.

Musa said the animal services team went round and observed that the abattoirs were not only unkempt but they also became criminals’ hideouts where drugs were traded. He lamented that shanties were growing around the abattoirs, saying such development must be stopped before it went out of hand.

Earlier, the manager of the Kubwa Abattoir, Dr Jacob Okpeke, said that butchers in the abattoir were educated on hygiene and warned against selling unhealthy meat.

“They already know that if you buy a sick animal, you are not going to make any sales from it because we carry out our professional duties as vetenary doctors,” he said.

Agriculture Can Trigger Nigeria’s Economic Revival – Ambode

Lagos State Governor, Mr Akinwunmi Ambode on Tuesday said that the agricultural sector can provide the needed boost for Nigeria’s quest for economic revival, saying that his administration would continue to support the Federal Government initiative to revamp the sector.

Governor Ambode, who spoke when he visited the Nigeria Breweries Plc in Iganmu Lagos, said Agriculture, which was once the mainstay of the nation’s economy would only thrive when local production is encouraged by not just the government, but corporate organisations.

“We can actually use agriculture to revive and reflate this economy, so even before our own activation, it is very clear that this is what you have been doing in the last 20 years. We would like to partner with you and encourage you to say that whatever it is that we can do to increase employment in Nigeria, we would be ready to work with you,” the Governor said.

While commending Nigeria Breweries for its 70 years anniversary, he lauded the company for taking the initiative to engage over 250,000 farmers in its sorghum and cassava value chain, saying that it has not gone a long way in providing jobs for the people.

The Governor said, “We are very happy that you are part of the success story in Lagos. You create jobs for Lagosians, I am excited about the fact that you are employing about 250,000 farmers, 4000 direct jobs, but surely those on and off beer parlours and restaurants are part of the indirect jobs that you have created for Lagosians.

He also commended their commitment towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), especially in the areas of health and educational development, adding that they were one of the many corporate brands in the State leading from the front.

Governor Ambode said that his administration would work towards advancing the existing partnership and cooperation between the State Government and Nigeria Breweries, just as he pledged his commitment to create an enabling environment for businesses to thrive.

To show his unraveling commitment towards improving the ease of doing business in the State, the Governor instantly approved the request made by the Chairman of Nigeria Breweries, Chief Kola Jamodu for the rehabilitation of Abebe Village Road and also the maintenance of the street lights, assuring that work would commence within the next seven days.

Earlier, Chief Jamodu, in his welcome address, lauded Governor Ambode for his development strides since he assumed office, especially in the areas of road construction, security improvement and support for industry.

“Your Excellency, as it is often said morning shows the day, your superlative performance within the first few months of your administration has shown that we, like all Lagosians made the right choice. Our company would continue to join hands with you in the march to make Lagos the cynosure of all eyes,” Jawodu said.

Jawodu said the humble beginning of the first brewery in Lagos in 1948 has seen the company set up 10 other breweries strategically located across the country.

Highlight of the Governor’s visit was the signing of a three-year partnership agreement between the Lagos State Government and Nigeria Breweries for the annual One Lagos Fiesta aimed at making the event.

Governor Ambode and members of the State Executive Council were later conducted round the facility by Chief Jawodu, the Technical Director, Mr. Henk Wymenga and other top officials of the company.

Mitigating the effects of Climate Change on Water Scarcity

Water, Agriculture and Environment share a significant relationship among them. However, this relationship continues to fall out of balance resulting in increasing concerns for food and water security.  Climate change affects freshwater resources negatively, in terms of both quantity and quality. As temperatures increase, evaporation increases, sometimes resulting in droughts which in turn translate into increased crop water demand.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations report on Climate Change, “70 per cent of our water withdrawals are used up by agriculture, yet competition with other sectors for water is increasing”. Glaciers, one of the important sources of freshwater worldwide is melting at an unprecedented rate due to rising temperatures, reports state that they are in danger of drying up within the 21st century.

With the lack of sufficient, accessible water resources to meet water needs of the increasing population, the issue of water scarcity becomes one of the leading challenges of the twenty-first century.
Soils constitute the largest store of terrestrial carbon. When they are poorly managed or cultivated through unsustainable agricultural practices, soil carbon can be released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change.

In Nigeria, water services cannot be delivered quickly enough to cope with the rapidly growing population and agriculture is mostly rain-fed. The Executive Director of Nigerian Environmental Study Action Team, Professor, Chinedum Nwajiuba expresses that the agricultural sector depends on the natural resource base and thus faces risks such as desertification, rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and sea level rise, leading to degrading agriculture and exacerbating conflict.

Given the trends in climate change, FAO predicts that by 2025, water withdrawals will increase to 18 percent in developed countries, and 50 percent withdrawals in developing countries. While increasing effects of climate change intensifies water scarcity, report asserts that the economic impact of this would fall on agriculture.

Hence this issue calls for action to harvest and recycle freshwater resources, and employ more efficient ways to use water to provide food for an ever-increasing global population.
Experts suggest that climate adaptation measures in agriculture that build on existing good management practices can increase water security, thereby contributing directly to sustainable development. Also, modern technologies derived from applied research, combined with suitable policies would be effective in reducing the effects of climate change.

To this end, FAO adopts a global framework to combat the eff­ects of climate change on water scarcity.  Under this framework, countries will develop risk management strategies for national food security policies under water constraints and economic transitions, focused investments in water infrastructure; and the development of institutional and human capacities, and Implement sound and innovative water auditing to support decision-making and management.

The report also recommends that farmers adopt Precision Irrigation Techniques, Water Harvesting Techniques, and Wastewater Management to tackle water scarcity issues.

Combating Unemployment in Nigeria through Oil Palm Production

Sustained economic development is vital for any nation to attain long term poverty amelioration for social and environmental sustainability. The palm oil industry in Nigeria represents one of the most potent means for combating poverty, ensuring food security, improving productivity and generally attaining economic stability in Nigeria.

Palm Oil, botanically called Elaeis Guineensis is a perennial crop which is said to have originated in the tropical rain forest of West Africa. It later spread to South America in the 16th century and to Asia in the 19th century. Exportation of palm kernels began in 1832 and by 1911, West Africa alone exported 157,000 tonnes of which about 75%  came from Nigeria. However, in 1934, Malaysia surpassed Nigeria as the largest exporter of the product and has since maintained the lead.  As at 2016, Malaysia and Indonesia have become the dominant powers in palm oil production supplying more than 70 percent of the palm oil consumed worldwide.

Though Palm oil cultivation has been ascribed as a way of life for many Nigerians, the country has become a net importer of palm oil. Research conducted by Sahel Capital, a fund manager and advisory firm in West Africa indicates that, the production of palm oil in Nigeria is significantly below the country’s estimated consumption of at 1.4 million tons. About 40% of palm oil is imported while the other percentage is sourced from groves and smallholder plantations rather than industrial plantations. Currently, Cote d’Ivoire is the only net exporter of Palm Oil in West Africa.

Experts stress that the declined palm oil and kernel exports were as a result of increased domestic consumption following population grown and the lower producer prices allowed by marketing boards which had a monopoly of purchase for export. They add that the ceaseless tapping of local wine from the palm tree which reduced the productivity of the palms, hence producing fruit with thinner pericarp, or husks, lowering the quantity of the oil per hectare with poor quality was another factor.

In developed economies, palm oil is used in the manufacturing of many foodstuffs, the tree also has been identified in many industrial applications such a paper, pulp and particle board production, making of detergents, greases, lubricants and candles. Palm oil formed the basis of industrial scale soap production, such as Lever Brothers (Unilever Nig Plc) sunlight soap and the American Palmolive brand. Also, this staple crop has proven to be a valuable feedstock for biodiesel and serves as an alternative to mineral oils used in power stations. Apart from local trade in palm oil, it is heavily sold on the international markets as CPO (Crude Palm Oil) and usually commands a high premium price given its vast capabilities and high demand from several industries.

With these myriads of benefits, the  palm  oil  industry  has  the  potentials of  providing  employment  for  many Nigerians.  Palm oil is one of the commodities produced in rural Nigeria whose consumption daily in the human diet and use as an industrial raw material have increased its potentials for income generation and poverty alleviation. This was acknowledged by the World Rainforest Movement that affirmed that “oil palm is indigenous to the Nigerian coastal plain though it has migrated inland as a staple crop. Cultivation of oil palm serves as a means of livelihood for many rural families and indeed the farming culture of millions of people in the country’’.

Therefore, to unlock the potentials in palm oil business, it is imperative for government and individuals to put in a more deliberate effort to cultivate modern oil palm plantations that contain selected (hybrid) oil palms with very high yields.

While the land tenure system in Nigeria may be a limiting factor against private mass production of palm oil, the local and state government should rise to the challenge by providing land areas and needed technologies to palm oil farmers.

Nigeria may consider importation to meet wheat demand

Nigeria is likely to continue relying on imports during the 2017 marketing year as a result of limited production of major grain crops.

The combined importation of cereal crops such as wheat, rice and corn are expected to reach nearly 6.8 million tonnes, with wheat, having about 4.5 million tonnes.

Report from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Federal Agriculture Service (FAS) indicates that most of Nigeria’s wheat farmlands are rain-fed and insufficient to bring about increased production needed for self-sufficiency. Experts estimate that local wheat farmers will produce 60,000 tonnes of wheat.

The FAS notes that though the wheat variety produced by Nigerian farmers is high in protein content it is low in gluten, a characteristic that is unsuitable for producing the bread preferred by Nigerian consumers.

According to FAS “Bread is a major staple in Nigeria and it remains comparatively the less expensive staple eaten by majority of consumers despite a 20 per cent increase in price recorded over the past three months. However, given the falling currency and higher-than-normal market prices, consumers’ purchasing power has weakened, thereby preventing wheat millers to raise market prices to help offset production costs”.

As a result, the millers are forced to blend and adjust their wheat milling formulas to achieve bread flour that is acceptable to Nigerian bakers while maintaining favorable profit levels.

The FAS adds that while Wheat products, especially bread, will continue to be widely consumed in Nigeria as a major staple, consumption of pasta, noodles, and semolina are declining.

Nigerian Beans Export still Banned – EU Official Insists

A trade officer at the Dutch Embassy has refuted the claims by some agricultural stakeholders in the country that the EU ban placed on Nigerian beans export has been lifted.

One of these claims was allegedly made by the Director General of NAFDAC Dr Yetunde Oni in a purported speech to the Senate Health Committee. The DG was quoted as having intimated the Committee that the “ban placed on Nigeria on exportation of beans by the European Union due to its claim of being substandard and poisonous had been lifted for the next three years”. AgroNigeria made spirited effort to reach the office of the NAFDAC boss, but all such attempts proved abortive as at the time of filing this story.

Speaking to AgroNigeria  on telephone, the official who pleaded anonymity described the claims as false, adding that the ban was very much still in place.

The EU had banned importation of Nigeria’s dried beans in June 2015 on grounds of safety related to high chemical residue considered dangerous to human health. Sadly, the ban was extended by three years in June 2016.

In a bid to reverse the ban the Federal Government in August 2016 inaugurated a 26-member Standing Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee to address the rejection of Nigeria`s dry beans by the European Union. While inaugurating the Committee, Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria’s Agriculture Minister left nothing to doubt about its terms of reference: “We are here to take our destinies in our hands by finding lasting solution to the incessant rejection of our agricultural commodities, especially in Europe”.

According to Ogbeh “We need to avoid the embarrassment of further rejection in the future by strengthening our regulatory authorities to live up to their mandates. Our desire for agricultural products and non-oil exports means there will be vigorous pursuit of investment in quality control and standardization”

But sectoral watchers had applauded the Minister for taking up a key point earlier expressed by Michel Arrion, EU Ambassador to Nigeria and Head of the West African Mission, who had underscored that the rejection was a ‘red flag’ for the Nigerian consumers as well. In Ogbeh’s words, addressing the challenge entailed “working with the Nigerian Agricultural Quarantine Service to ensure safety of what we produce and consume locally and export internationally”.

Source: agronigeria

Embrace Peace, Focus on Agriculture; Minister urges Niger Deltans

The Minister of State for Agriculture and Rural Development, Heineken Lokpobiri has urged the people of the Niger Delta region to embrace peace and take advantage of the potentials inherent in Agriculture towards generating wealth and promoting economic development.


Vanguard Newspaper reports that Heineken made this statement during the 20th anniversary of Nigerian Agip Oil Company’ Green River Project Farmers Day held at the Chief DSP Alamieyeseigha Banquet Hall in Yenagoa.

According to the Minister, “I appeal to the people of the Niger Delta region to embrace peace and focus on agriculture, stop the destruction of oil and gas pipelines, which only served to destroy the country’s ecosystem and economy”.

Lokpobiri said Nigeria spent an average of $22billion annually on wheat, rice, sugar and fish imports.
While there was an abundance of land available for cultivation to meet the demand of about 170 million consumers in the Nigerian domestic market and the entire West Africa sub region, Nigeria only utilized 10 per cent of the estimated 84 million hectares of arable land, he noted.

He however expressed that the Federal Government was focused on redirecting attention to agriculture in its totality while empowering Nigerians in a productive and sustainable manner, adding that the process which entailed treating agriculture as a business to create wealth and provide employment, will transform Nigeria into a self – sufficient nation, with surplus for export to earn foreign exchange.

ORGANIC FARMING METHODS

No matter how much a man progresses, agriculture is an occupation that was, is and will always be undertaken since it suffices one of the most important basic needs of the population – Food. Hence, technology is added in this field to find ways to increase agricultural production in order to feed the ever growing demand for food due to the drastic increase in population. Therefore, many new ways and methods are being introduced in this field to harvest and cultivate the best quality crops.

Organic farming can be explained as an agricultural method wherein the following techniques are used:

• Crop Rotation: A technique to grow various kinds of crops in the same area, according to different seasons, in a sequential manner
• Green Manure: Refers to the dying plants that are uprooted and stuffed into the soil in order to make them act as a nutrient for the soil to increase its quality
• Biological Pest Control: A method in which living organisms are used to control pests, without or with limited use of chemicals
• Compost: Highly rich in nutrients, this is a recycled organic matter used as a fertilizer in the agricultural farms

The reason why organic agriculture is enforced in many nations is because it minimizes the use of various harmful chemicals that have hazardous effects on crops in the field. Here, there is more focus on using natural ways to enhance the quality of soil and the cultivated crops. Organic agriculture is nothing more than a modernization in agriculture. It is a combination of science, technology and nature. Following are the different methods that combine together to form organic agriculture:

Crop Diversity

Earlier, Monoculture was the only practice used in the agricultural fields wherein only one type of crop was harvested and cultivated in a particular location. However, in the recent world, Polyculture has come into the picture wherein different kinds of crops are harvested and cultivated in order to meet the increasing crop demand and produce the required soil microorganisms.

Soil Management

After the season of cultivation has been conducted, the soil loses its nutrients and becomes less in quality. Rather than using harmful chemicals to enhance this soil, organic agriculture focuses on implementing natural ways to not only increase the health of soil but also keep the nature and human health unharmed. One of the best examples of natural ways to enhance soil is the use of bacteria that is present in animal waste. This bacteria help in making the soil nutrients more productive; much higher as compared to the chemical containing liquids.

Weed Management

“Weed”, in simple words, is nothing but the unwanted plant that grows in agricultural fields. However, in organic agriculture, there is more focus on suppressing the weed rather than eliminating it completely.
The two most widely used weed management techniques are:

• Mulching – a process wherein plastic films are used in order to block the growth of weed
• Mowing and cutting – wherein there is a removal of weeds’ top growth

Controlling other organisms

While certain organisms prove to be beneficial to the health of the agricultural farm, there are many others that hamper the field. Hence, the growth of such organisms needs to be controlled to protect the soil and crops. Out of the long list, following are the three most commonly used and important ways of controlling other organisms in organic agriculture:

Encouraging ladybugs, minute pirate bugs and other such predatory beneficial insects that feast on pests and fly away from the farm.
Using herbicides and pesticides that are natural or contain less chemical
Proper sanitization of the entire farm in order to keep it free from pests
Livestock

There can be no better place for the pet animals to get fresh air, food and a great exercise than the green farm. Since everything is preferred to be in a natural way, just like the animals were used as labor in the earlier times for plowing, organic agriculture encourages the use of domestic animals to increase the sustainability of the farm.

Genetic Modification

Since organic agriculture encourages the use of natural ways to enhance the farm, crops and soil; there is a discouragement of genetically engineered animals and plants. Hence, genetic modification is kept out of this agriculture. However, there is an argument keeping in mind that the pollen present in such modified crops are present in the stock of seeds used for organic agriculture, making it impossible to keep this completely out of this agriculture.

Organic agriculture is being conducted by many countries with the rejection of using techniques and chemicals that harm animals, crops, soil, environment and even the human health. Hence, such a process of agriculture should be encouraged since it acts as a protection shield to all the main factors that form the planet.

biological pest control
compost
crop rotation
green manure
Methods
Organic Farming
Harmful Effects of Molds

The presence of mold in our homes and work places can have serious negative effects on the health of humans. People of any age and state of health can react with allergic reactions to the presence of molds. However, those who already suffer from respiratory ailments have an even greater sensitivity to molds that can cause an increase in the severity of reactions.

The most common reactions to mold exposure include respiratory problems such as sneezing, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, nose and throat irritation, burning or watery eyes, runny nose, skin rash, headache, or fatigue. Exposure to mold may cause what seems like a constant cold or allergy symptoms. Prolonged exposure to mold can weaken the immune system, thus leaving the body vulnerable to infections.
If the smell of mold exists or those living in the home experience mold related symptoms, track down and remove the source of moisture and the mold itself as soon as possible. Serious mold contamination may require professional removal.

Specialized Landscape Companies

Many homes, offices, hotels, factories and commercial premises have a garden attached to them, which is a place for relaxation and also adds a touch of greenery to the surroundings. Many home owners and commercial premises spend large amounts on designing and developing the interiors of the offices and homes. To complement these homes and offices, the property owners would like the garden to be suitable designed with plants and garden accents selected appropriately. Since most homes and businesses lack the necessary in house expertise for landscaping their premises, they hire the services of specialized landscape companies